![]() It discusses EJ impacts related to toxic pollution, water, energy, and food, and connects these impacts intersect with multiple layers of pre-existing injustices. This article documents the hurricane’s nexus with environmental justice (EJ). The situation post-Maria in Puerto Rico has been labeled a clear case of environmental injustice. ![]() The vulnerability to impacts and ability to recover from hurricanes and other disasters are directly shaped by existing socioeconomic and racial inequalities. Yet this catastrophe has not been felt equally by all. Hurricane Maria has had devastating impacts in Puerto Rico. The Caribbean will continue to be a hurricane-receiving area because of its geographical situation, but as these articles argue, political, economic and social reforms can reduce the human suffering caused by the natural and not-so-natural disasters. The hurricanes also demonstrated to be an opportunity for implementing neoliberal policies that previous governments were not able to be put in place due to internal resistance from interest groups or the general population. A space that could be used to grow subsistence crops, which is not only essential to mitigate starvation after a natural disaster but reduces the dependency on food imports. The historical prioritization of Caribbean government towards perpetual economic growth in their development agendas, evidence the marginalization of space in the region. Alternative community organisations and grassroots movements demonstrated to be complementary actors to the limited and slow state- of market-relief response. The pieces in this special issue evidence the making of not-so-natural disasters in the Caribbean and propose alternative scenarios for resilient recovery. What is transformed after Maria? What changes lie ahead? What role will small farming and climate change play? Puerto Rico's future remains in question. Ultimately, enacting food sovereignty within a colony is a paradox, but one that harbours transformative potential. I also document some of the autonomous efforts that were part of the recovery, questions that people who survived the storm continue to confront in their everyday lives, and the importance of resource sharing strategies that exist outside the commodity market. I investigate the notion of auto-gestión for the ways it acts as both a mode of survival within the permanent crisis, and as a quandary of decolonisation that sometimes buttresses colonial state power. I consider the ways that Puerto Rico has become a highly active extractive zone on the periphery of US empire and the role of Maria in these transformations, including in terms of the politics of knowledge production. ![]() In it, I reframe the condition of disaster that Puerto Rico faced after Hurricane Maria through a consideration of the political economy of the post-hurricane crisis. The model that best applies to the Puerto Rican experience is the racialized place inequality framework, as it takes into account both individual attributes and the residential mobility some Boricuas have attained in the most recent period while acknowledging a parallel racialization process in some destinations.This essay is based on ethnographic fieldwork carried out from December 2017 to August 2019. To analyze the socioeconomic mobility of Puerto Ricans, the author examines the paradigms known as classic assimilation, underclass or culture of poverty, segmented assimilation, place stratification, and stratified ethnoracial incorporation. Migration within the United States has recently taken a bifurcated form with many Boricuas moving to Sunbelt destinations while others settle in mid-sized cities in the Northeast. Abstract : This paper discusses some of the social science paradigms developed to explain the initial migration and adaptation of ethnic and racial groups in the United States and the applicability of these theories to the Puerto Rican experience. ![]()
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